blog 29 final research

Maritza Rodriguez

Break the Barriers

Introduction

     My story is the story of most Hispanics’ formative years. My grandparents did not learn to read 

and my uncles and my mother solely received an elementary education. Growing up in American, I 

was alone in the world of education and these pursuits resulted difficult as I did not have parental 

support that could help me be successful. I lived in life’s scarceness both economically and 

educationally. However, my goal was to change the course of my life and I worked for that 

achievement. I grew up hearing family members speak against the destructive and delinquent 

behaviors of our streets. Staying away from certain behaviors fitted moral values conceded to me. My

family’s strong believes in honest hard work, stands memorable in my heart.  I pursued and worked 

for a better future. This prevented me from being one more number in statistics. Even though a low rate of minorities’ college graduates exists, many adolescents aspire for a bright future.  Kazdin (1993) stated that at-risk referred to the "increased likelihood over base rates in the population that a particular outcome will occur" (p. 129).  For my research paper, I interviewed an adolescent who fits the definition of “at risk”.  First, I will explain for alarming statistics depicting the low percentage of Hispanics graduates.  I seek to investigate his chances of obtaining an education and how he sees his situation.  For purpose of the study, I will call him Andres.

Literature review

     For Hispanics in the United States, the educational experience is one of accumulated 

disadvantages. Many Hispanic students begin formalized schooling without the economic and social 

resources that many other students receive, and schools are often ill equipped to compensate for 

these initial disparities. For Hispanics, initial disadvantages often stem from parents' immigrant and 

socioeconomic status and their lack of knowledge about the U.S. education system. Initial 

disadvantages continue to accumulate, resulting in Hispanics having the lowest rates of high school 

and college degree attainment, which hinders their chances for stable employment. The situation of 

Hispanic educational attainment is cause for national concern. Given the growth of Hispanic 

population in the United States, most notably in the past decade, and the increasing importance of a 

college degree even for entry jobs, the barriers Hispanics face in realizing their educational ambitions

is a major concern.  Despite high educational expectations, Hispanics are among the least educated 

group in the United States: 11 percent of those over age 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher 

compared with 17 percent of blacks, 30 percent of whites, and 49 percent of Asian Americans in the 

same age group. Today, most parents and their children believe that a college degree is necessary for 

obtaining stable and meaningful work. [1]

Case Study/Gee’s Building tasks of language

Significance

     The interview took place in the family’s residence.  The first question I asked Andre was to tell me about his goals and he said he intended to attend college once he finishes High School and that he might pursuit to be a detective.  During the interview I asked Andre how he sees himself.  He said “I see himself as a normal regular person who wants to succeed like everyone else in this world”.  In this statement, he made a comparison between everyone else and himself. This statement represents a difference exists between people of success and him which is the realization or culmination of education. The fact that he began the sentence with “I see myself” as if defending himself against how others actually see him reflects that he sees that others see him different.  This is further supported by choices of words and the way he answered the following question:  “How do you think people see you”?  “I don't really mind how people see me”, “I really mind how my family sees me, but people not related to me, I don't care”.

     Overall, Andres considers himself “normal”, capable of aspiring for achievement as we all do.  But, I insist that something is keeping him from achieving success.  I proceed to explain as follows.  Even though he states “There are no obstacle one the way,” it seemed to me by the tone of voice, that this he stated as an effort to reassure himself that he will break through barriers because he is resilient enough.  Here, he tries to make himself strong in order to “make it” which means obtain his goals. Certain doors are closed making, it difficult to reach his goals.  This is further reflected by the statement, “If I keep repeating that I can, then I will”.  In addition, he said, “There are people who come from way worse situation than I and they make it and if they make it, I can make it too”. In this line, Andres’s language usage indicated that his situation is not ideal; indicate of a struggle, but one he surely will overcome. 

Identity

     The fact that he said, “There are people who come from worse situation than I do reflects that he is not “normal” as he thinks he is.  His situation, which I previously described, is the struggle he must endure.  This is also sign of position as compared to those who achieve academic success. The fact that he said it with assertion indicated willingness to fight until he succeeds. The tone of his voice was defensive indicating his believes in his rights to have success like everyone else and that nothing should stand on his way of his pursuits. In a sense, he is creating a future through language by repeated efforts of his convictions.  For example, he said, “If I keep repeating it to myself, then I will make it”.  This is his effort to create new identity of what would be his new self.  In the end, success would means obtaining an education and being able to get a good paying job to live comfortable. Being able to change his life for the better, means that he will no longer be subjected to live in need of the basic necessities money provides. James Gee defines identity as:  “Being recognized as a certain “kind of person,” in a given context. In this context he can also create a social identity because he would be able to expand into certain circles.  Various discourses he does not belong, he enters through educational achievements.    

Relationship

     Now, a person who does not have a college degree has little opportunity of obtaining a good paying job which the reason why he desires to attend college.  Yet, he elected to attend a vocational school which does not measure up to a High school education and leaves little room for his acceptance into college.  A good paying job is only attainable through a college education and for that purpose, a High School education is most appropriate because that edification prepares us for college work.  Therefore, I asked Andres how come he elected to attend a vocational school instead High School.  He responded that at first he wanted to attend High School, but that his Mom did not want him to because of school fights at the High School. His mother as authority figure at home and in life sets certain standards.  In this case, the alternate route he selected was not his choice but that of his mother.  Therefore, this is a control measure in his life decision making. As a result, the authority figure impacts the outcomes and what Andres creates of his future. 

Conclusion

     After conducting the case study and analyzing the language, it substantially revealed that while it is true that struggles exist, it is up to the individuals to judge situations and thereby how to proceed.  Andres’s hunger for success and interest in changing his life seems to overpower indicates.  However, variance in situations from individuals to individuals must be acknowledged.  At instances, youth are highly disadvantaged when parents do not expose them to literacy. Too many factors implicates why a person does not obtain a college degree.  Obtaining an education is paramount importance. Hispanics in particular face many barriers that should be address as a nation. Nevertheless, personal will power matters.  Many times, our life path has barriers and obstacles that we must break in order to change or achieve rewards.  We should fight with all our might to change the course of actions, because those rewards are not only for us, but for our family and our society as a whole.

References

1. Schhneider B, Martinez S, Owens A. Barriers to Educational Opportunities for Hispanics in the United States. In: National Research Council (US) Panel on Hispanics in the United States; Tienda M, Mitchell F, editors. Hispanics and the Future of America. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006. 6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19909

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[1]

blog 28 evaluation of my research paper

Assessing my research project

Essay: 95 points
Data + analysis: 280 points
Writing process: 95 points

Evaluating your final draft:  Use the rubric below

Focus (30): clear statement of the research question(s) + the importance of the research and what it shows
direct statements of what the data shows
set up any background information necessary for the reader to understand the focus
appropriate choice of research essays
data is connected to the focus/makes points with respect to the focus(this area here probably not so well)

Audience/genre (24)
uses the correct forms for research essays( I connected
uses language the ways it is used in the sample research essays
draws authority from other research and the logic of the argument

Organization (28)
data is presented in the right place (here, I personally liked the way I incorporated the analysis of the language in the essay.
one idea leads logically to the next(Ideas connected to ideas)
definitions/data/categories  are presented and explained before they are "used" or referred to
uses headings + paragraphing in ways suitable for the material
each section develops the focus in a different way

Development (18)
detailed examples from the data to support the points(I did this part well done)
says what the examples show( I did this part well)
connects to the discussion of the research( I did this well)
develops an in-depth (not obvious) discussion of what the data show(in-depth-OK)

Correctness (4)
writing sufficiently clear so as not to confuse the meaning( I did my best)
not so many errors as to distract from the meaning of the text(I did my best)

Criteria: Data + analysis were listed on the assignment sheet as follows:
1. Data -I posted substantial data on time. 

2. Notes with a preliminary analysis I broke down my data and started analyzing them promptly.  In the beginning I was analyzing from different perspective, then I took me to a different focus and this prompted me to make drastic changes. Overall, I had large data but for the essay I maybe I came out short in giving supporting details.  My essay was rather short I believe. I am not sure.  It all depends how someone would see it.  I maintained the focus and tie ideas so my essay made perfect sense and that is very important. I did want to include things to just include them and what I included went well with my investigation. A very well clear focus.  I probably deserve around 480 points.

To evaluate your data+ Analysis:List the blog posts which included data + analysis

 21,22,24,25,26,27

Criteria for the Writing process were listed on the assignment sheet as follows:

I posted many revisions.
To evaluate your writing process:

21,22,24,25,26,27.  I kept updating these post because I like to type on Microsoft words and then copy and paste.  I do not like to post to many writing errors on the blog and this allows me to see them more clear.  So, there are a series of revisions.  But, for this area, I believe I should get 1, 2, 2. 

blog 27 class feedback and what will I change.

Class feedback

My presentation today allowed me to received feedback from the class.
The class said I should cut data.  I will cut back on the data.  I was able to see control measures in my data as explained by Dr. Chandler.  I had not been able to understand that part of my subject's language was and had been perplexed about what that meant.  Now, I now that authority figure plays a role in decision making.  I will explain that language and make the analysis part of research.  In other words, I can speak about how the authority figure plays a role in control measure and decision making.  I want to work more on literature review to tie up to what I find and then a conclusion. I already know what the conclusion is going to be.  Well, actually, I think I not speak about the mentor part because that is not necessary.  Including that part is extra because that would be like finding a solution to the problem.  I will focus on what I see and hear from the single case study and compared finding to the literature review.  I am was complicating myself again for the million time.   I also need to speak more about Gee discourse analysis in usage of language as building tools. 

blog 26

Introduction

Growing up in American, I was alone in the world of education and these pursuits resulted strenuous as I did not have parental support that could help me be successful. My story is the story of most Hispanics’ formative years. My grandparents did not learn to read and my uncles and my mother solely received an elementary education. I experienced and observed life’s scarceness both economically and educationally.  However, my goal was to change the course of my life and I worked for that achievement. Fortunately, I grew up hearing family members speak against the destructive and delinquent behaviors of our streets. Staying away from unacceptable behaviors fit the moral values that had been passed on to me. My family’s strong believes in honest hard work, it’s memorable in my heart.  I sought and worked for a better future. This prevented me from being one more number in statistics. The observing the things we do not want to become and those things we envision inspires and gives strength to work for the things that matter most.  Many times, our life path has barriers and obstacles that we must break in order to change or achieve rewards.  We should fight with all our might to change the course of actions because those rewards we are not only for us but, for our family and our society as a whole.

Many adolescents dropout of school and therefore they do not receive a college education.  For Hispanics in the United States, the educational experience is one of accumulated disadvantage. Many Hispanic students begin formalized schooling without the economic and social resources that many other students receive, and schools are often ill equipped to compensate for these initial disparities. For Hispanics, initial disadvantages often stem from parents' immigrant and socioeconomic status and their lack of knowledge about the U.S. education system. As Hispanic students proceed through the schooling system, inadequate school resources and their weak relationships with their teachers continue to undermine their academic success. Initial disadvantages continue to accumulate, resulting in Hispanics having the lowest rates of high school and college degree attainment, which hinders their chances for stable employment. The situation of Hispanic educational attainment is cause for national concern. Despite high educational expectations, Hispanics are among the least educated group in the United States: 11 percent of those over age 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher compared with 17 percent of blacks, 30 percent of whites, and 49 percent of Asian Americans in the same age group. Today, most parents and their children believe that a college degree is necessary for obtaining stable and meaningful work. [1]Youths who abandon their studies are more likely to engage in juvenile delinquency than those who continue to pursuit an education past High School. Helping youths get educated reduces the nation’s juvenile delinquencies problems. (sta)Even though a low rate of minorities’ college graduates exists, many adolescents aspire for a bright future.  I believe a one to one mentor program provided by the community would reduce the rate of schools dropout rate. In this research, I see to investigate and analyze the mentor option in facilitating the guide so that more at risk youths reach their educational goals. Kazdin (1993) stated that at-risk referred to the "increased likelihood over base rates in the population that a particular outcome will occur" (p. 129).  In educational settings, a student is at risk by virtue of his or her circumstances and is statistically more likely than others to fail academically. The implementation of a one to one community mentor-ship program will increase minorities’ graduates and decrease juvenile delinquencies.

Literature review

For Hispanics in the United States, the educational experience is one of accumulated disadvantage. Many Hispanic students begin formalized schooling without the economic and social resources that many other students receive, and schools are often ill equipped to compensate for these initial disparities. For Hispanics, initial disadvantages often stem from parents' immigrant and socioeconomic status and their lack of knowledge about the U.S. education system. As Hispanic students proceed through the schooling system, inadequate school resources and their weak relationships with their teachers continue to undermine their academic success. Initial disadvantages continue to accumulate, resulting in Hispanics having the lowest rates of high school and college degree attainment, which hinders their chances for stable employment. The situation of Hispanic educational attainment is cause for national concern. Despite high educational expectations, Hispanics are among the least educated group in the United States: 11 percent of those over age 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher compared with 17 percent of blacks, 30 percent of whites, and 49 percent of Asian Americans in the same age group. Today, most parents and their children believe that a college degree is necessary for obtaining stable and meaningful work (Schneider and Stevenson, 1999). This attitude is reflected in the educational expectations parents hold for their children and in the expectations that young people have for themselves (U.S. Department of Education, 1995b, p. 88). High educational expectations can be found among all racial and ethnic groups regardless of their economic and social resources (p. 73). Although parents and children share high educational aims, their aspirations do not necessarily translate into postsecondary matriculation. This is especially the case for Hispanic high school students, particularly those whose parents have not attended college (Nuñez, Cuccaro-Alamin, and Carroll, 1998).

Provided the adolescent's environment and what he knows, he is trying to make it as best as he can. (describe his circumtances)He probably needs coaching and most likely he will go through struggles and failing and getting up. But, one thing is certain, he wants to make it. He is sure that he says that he can do it that he will be able to have success in education. He seemed certain when he affirmed that if others in worse situation made it that he can make it too. He does not see obstacle. He sees his potential and does not give up. One time, he lost all his poems, but his passion is so big, he wrote again and remade his collection. He enjoys reading, writing poems and making music. (more to follow) Establishing a one to one mentor in at risk communities would increase the rate of youth attending college.  I believe, youth need guidance, advices from a role model who has been through educational systems.  A mentor would be there give answer to specific question the adolescent will have and cannot receive from parents.  School guidance counseling is not enough because they tend to not focus on individual circumstances and they focus rather on subject matter and placement of students in the right classes.  A mentor to help guide the youth in the positive right directions would most appropriate and much needed. This mentor must be someone who makes the youth feels comfortable enough for the adolescent to feel comfortable speaking about his problems or situations so the he can receive answers.  During my adolescent years, I did not picture myself speaking to a guidance counselor about little problems such as if interest in a sport activity but I am afraid I am not good enough.  I was shy.  Adolescent need a good support network and which they many times do not have at home.  An adolescent who comes from a family of little education, single parent and of low socioeconomic status as well as living in an at risk community where gangs and drugs prevails is considered at risk of not obtaining a college education.  The adolescent should be match up with a mentor from his community if he or she fits those characteristics.  Parents are not able to properly advise and guide the adolescent to educational success if they do not have an education.  An at-risk student is a student who, by virtue of their circumstances, is statistically more likely than others to fail academically.

Case study

For my research paper, I interviewed a Hispanic adolescent who fits the definition of “at risk”.  This research paper is a case study of adolescent living in at risk community and chances of obtaining a college education. My research is an investigation of a case study to find out how the adolescent sees his situation. The chance of at risk adolescent who lives in at risk community obtains an education. I conducted a case study of a 19 year old male adolescent of Hispanic ethnicity.  For purpose of the study, I will call him Andres.  His mother is single mother living at risk.  An at-risk student is a student who, by virtue of their circumstances, is statistically more likely than others to fail academically.Define at risk. He probably needs coaching and most likely he will go through struggles and failing and getting up. But, one thing is certain, he wants to make it. He is sure that he says that he can do it that he will be able to have success in education. He seemed certain when he affirmed that if others in worse situation made it that he can make it too. He does not see obstacle. He sees his potential and does not give up. One time, he lost his entire poem but his passion is so big, he wrote again and remade his collection. He enjoys wring poem and making music.(more to follow)

 Andre’s parents did not attain an education past elementary school and the family and they are RecentlyMore analysis

Provided the adolescent's environment and what he knows, he is trying to make it as best as he can. He probably needs coaching and most likely he will go through struggles and failing and getting up. But, one thing is certain, he wants to make it. He is sure that he says that he can do it that he will be able to have success in education. He seemed certain when he affirmed that if others in worse situation made it that he can make it too. He does not see obstacle. He sees his potential and does not give up. There was a time when he lost his entire poems collection. But because his passion drove he to write again and he re-created his collection. He enjoys wring poem and making music.(more to follow)

During the interview I asked Andre how he sees himself.  He said “I see himself as a normal regular person who wants to succeed like everyone else in this world”.  In this statement he made a comparison between everyone else and himself. This statement represents a difference exists between people of success and him which is the realization or culmination of education. The fact that he said, “I see myself”, reflects that he sees that others see him different.  This is further supported by choice of words and the way he answered the following question:  “How do you think people see you”?   “I don't really mind how people see me”. I really mind how my family sees me, but people not related to me, I don't care”. This also shows that something is keeping him from achieving success.  Educational statistics show that Andre is considered an at risk youth. Kazdin (1993) stated that at-risk referred to the "increased likelihood over base rates in the population that a particular outcome will occur" (p. 129).  Perhaps he feels certain doors are closed for him making difficult to him to reach his goals.  He also feels that he has the right to have success like everyone else and therefore, what does not have and strong believes in that he too has the right to obtain victory and that no one should stand on his way of his pursuits. To him success would mean obtaining an education and being able to get a good paying job to live comfortable. Being able to change his life for the better, means that he will no longer be subjected to live in need of the basic necessities money provides.  Therefore, desires to create a different identity. He wants to change the course of his future, a different one from the one his family had.

There are little opportunity of a good paying job if a person does not have education which the reason why he desire to attend college.  Yet, he elected to attend a vocational school which does not measure up to a High school education and leaves little room for his acceptance into college.  A good paying job is only attainable through a college education. To obtain a college education, a High School education is most appropriate because that edification prepares us for college work.  This is an example of where a mentor would have come to play a big role.  At times, a young person wants to do the right things but elect the wrong choices because of their inexperience and not necessarily because they want to do the wrong things.

References

1.The Impact of Mentoring on Academic Achievement of At-Risk Youth. Tompson, L.A, Kelly-Vance, L. http://friendsofthechildrenboston.org/mentors/articles/Thompson
2. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.  Identity formation in Adolecence.  Change or Stability?. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles

Barriers to Educational Opportunities for Hispanics in the United States

3. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/metro4h/sites/default/files/the_effects_of_a_mentoring_program_on_at-risk_youth__adolescence__find_articles_at_bnet.pdf

Recording data.

Mine. I don’t know if the other recording was kept but will continue from here on.

Please do not touch my recorder gain. Smile.  That is not for you to touch.  That is for your voice to go in there. Kidding but meant it.

Mine. Tell me about your Goals. What are you doing to achieve your goals?

C. Well, right now I am not doing anything. My first step is to finish HS after that…I will try to go to college. I have already the contact, a friend of mine she will try to set me up so I can try to go to college for free.  After that, then I going to pick the career that I want to do.

Mine. Ok.  Well, it sounds like you are on the right path. The thing about college is that is ok to in not knowing yet what you are going to major in because you still have time to explore.  So, I do want to encourage you to go to college to get an education.

Data 1

Mine. What could help reach those goals or what are your obstacles?

C. I could do whatever I want. There is no obstacle on the way.

Mine No?

C. NO, not at all.  There are people who come from way worse situation than I and they make it and if they make it, I can make it too.

Mine. Yes, I like you positivism. I really like that.

Mine.  You basically feel you can do anything….

C. I feel I can do it.  If I keep repeating that to myself then I will. I just really have to be consistent in my beliefs in order to make it.

Mine What do you feel proud about?

C. Mostly, I like to read. I like writing poems and I never give up on working on that even when a mishap happens.  I lost my work twice, but I continue to write.

Mine So, you do have some skills? That is skills.  It is art. (me surprised)

Yeap.

Mine So, you feel most proud about that part of you

C. Yea.

Mine On that note, how do you think people see you?

C. I have no idea how people see me and I don’t really mind because I got to see myself for things I think are best for me.  I don’t really mind how people see me. I really mind how my family sees me but people not related to me, I don’t care.

Mine How do you see yourself?

C. I see myself as a good person. I am on the right path I may sometimes be let’s say well you know when you get to that question I may get to that question…

Maybe I won’t. Give it to me.

Mine About family related. I may argue with my Mom. Like, I recognize that is the only bad thing I have, besides that, I am good.

Mine Ok.  But, I lot of times that is pretty normal during adolescence years.

Mine You know most adolescents argue with their parents

C. So, if that is not included, then I see myself as a good person.

Mine It is not included; but it is included in the sense that everyone seems to go through that phase and it does not mean that you are a bad person.

C. Ok. So the question was…how I see myself.  I see myself as a normal regular person that wants to succeed like everyone else in this world.

Mine Are you ambitious?

C. Yes, pretty ambitious.   Not in a bad way though.

Mine No, in a good way.

Mine What school do you go to?

C. Piscataway Vocational School

Mine Where is that?

Mine In Piscataway

Mine Wait, how come you don’t go to New Brunswick High school?

C. I don’t go to that school, because Piscataway Vocational School trains you for a specific skill and recommend you for a job that pays minimum $15 hourly.

Mine Did you pick that school?  How come you did not go to New Brunswick High School for example?

C. First reason, my Mom did not want me to go there and at first I wanted to go but then I said no.

Why?

C.I am not going to go there. I rather go to Piscataway Vocational School because that is the best choice. At that school, I can pick my main career and from there after I am done with school,

I choose Vocational Tech School because it is the best option for me.  I choose three careers.

 Automobile-got excluded because I did not want to wear the attire.

 barber- was for females so I exclude myself.

Culinary Arts. I did not want to do just cleaning and that all I seem to be doing.  So, the teacher also excluded me out.

Computer-last option.

Mine Because my Mom did not want me to go there.

Mine Why

C. Because of the problem, fight, family member problems and I would be getting confused as of my family member.

Mine Ok.

Mine How do people friends see u?

C. They don’t see me as a bad person. I respect them, they respect me

C. I don’t know how they see me and I really don’t care.  What I think that I know is as best I believe I am because we don’t ever get to truly know ourselves.

Mine. True.

Mine How do you think your mom sees you?

C. I know she doesn’t see me as good as I see myself.  That question you need to ask her whenever you have the time. But, I don’t think she sees me as I see myself?

Mine How do you think she sees you?

C. I am not going to answer that because that is something she would have to answer.

Mine. But, you know.. you know. How she sees you. (Here, he ask to pass the question) Said, go on..

Mine Ok.

C. I may know. But, I will not answer.

Mine Ok

Mine What is like living with your Mom?

C.I don’t feel uncomfortable.

Mine Tell me the Good and Bad

C. good-she has done a lot for us. Bad-she fights too much. She argues over anything. Besides that she is fine. She is still my Mom though.

Mine Of Course! She is your Mom and you love her no matter what.

Mine But, we cannot deny that at times we do wish it was better such as if she could change a bit.

Mine If there was something, you would change about her, what would it be?

C.I don’t have the power to change her because only God can change her but if I did I would make her a person who argues less. Don’t argue, and if you do, don’t argue as much as you do because this is beyond normal level.

Mine What does she argue about?

C. Little things. Big things. About anything.  For example, she would argue about a dish I did not promptly take to the kitchen after eating.

He said, I am already feeling uncomfortable.

Mine No, is ok. We are almost done.

Mine Can you give me some examples of perhaps, instances when you got frustrated and the reasons?

I don’t get frustrated. I get mad and or I raise my voice

Mine If you display anger is that not a sign of frustration?

C. No, I really don’t get frustrated.  I just raise my voice to get her to listen.

I don’t even go out. I am scorpion. I like to be by myself. I am kind of shy so I don’t feel comfortable being among people.

Mine Is Ok not going out?

Yea, I rather stay at home

Mine What do you like to do for fun?

C. I like to go to the park, play catch, play basketball.

Mine It doesn’t have to be out to party.  It can be just leaving the house to the park.

C. Well, if when I have the resources, the money and the things I like to stay home have a drink

Mine Do you drink alcohol?

C. Yea!

Mine Have you gotten drunk?

C. Not drunk not drunk

Mine How many times you have gotten drunk?

C.I don’t know.

Mine A lot! Like five? More,

C. Maybe 10? I don’t know.

Mine How bad have you gotten drunk?

C.Not overdrunk. I can control myself; I know what I am doing. Like I go to the bathroom where I am away from people, I am walking dizzy in the bathroom and when I get out I play it off.  People don’t notice because they are drunk themselves. Not super drunk. I have thrown up in the bathroom but I know how to do things. I play things off.  I know how to do things.  If I know that I am drunk, I would just be with a beer and no one would notice.

Mine What places you have gotten drunk at?

C.I don’t drink that way when I go out.  But, at home yea. At home in the house

Mine Do you have a driver’s license?

C. No, I am working on getting a permit.

Mine What does your mother says about you drinking?

C. She always says don’t be drinking too much.

Social language/Identity

James Gee defines identity as: “Being recognized as a certain ‘kind of person,’ in a given context…” (p.99).^[16] Gee talks of identity differences based on social and cultural views of identity and identifies four of these views, each of which are influenced by different forms of power, though they all have an effect on one another. Gee describes them as “four ways to formulate questions about how identity is functioning for a specific person (child or adult) in a given context or across a set of contexts” (p. 101).^[16]
 “[T]he institutional perspective (or I-identities)” (p. 102) ^[16] refers to identities set by authorities within an institution. An example of an I-identity is a student, whose identity is defined by the school as an institution with rules and traditions the student must follow. Gee claims these I-identities can be something imposed on a person, such as being a prisoner, or can be a calling for the person, such as being a college professor.^[16] The third perspective Gee identifies is the “discursive perspective (or D-identities)” (p. 103).^[16] D-identity refers to an individual trait, such as caring. D-identities are a matter of social interaction that only become identities because “other people treat, talk about, and interact” with the person in ways that bring forth and reinforce the trait (p. 103).^[16] According to Gee “D-identities can be placed on a continuum in terms of how active or passive one is in ‘recruiting’ them, that is, in terms of how much such identities can be viewed as merely ascribed to a person versus an active achievement or accomplishment of that person” (p. 104).^[16]
The final identity perspective Gee identifies is the “affinity perspective (or A-identities)” (p. 105).^[16] A-identities are built by shared experiences as part of an affinity group, which according to Gee’s definition is a group that share “allegiance to, access to, and participation in specific practices” (p. 105).^[16] Joining these groups must be something the person has chosen to do and feels a part of in order for the A-identity to be built. Gee explains this further by stating, “While I could force someone to engage in specific practices, I really cannot coerce anyone into seeing the particular experiences connected to those practices as constitutive (in part) of the ‘kind of person’ they are” (p. 106).^[16]

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